Histopathology of the atrophic changes of the testis. The seminiferous tubules contain sertoli cells, but none of the characteristic cells of spermatogenesis. Testicular atrophytreatmentcausessymptomspreventiondiagnosis. Disease of the efferent ductules the efferent ductules are the tubules that link the rete testis to the epididymal duct. Figure 1 testis, germinal epithelium atrophy in a male f344n rat from a subchronic study. On the right is a testis that has undergone atrophy. Pdf histological description of the testis, epididymis. The testicles are organs involved in the male reproductive system that reside in a baglike structure called the scrotum. A practical approach to testicular biopsy interpretation for. Male anatomy primary organ testes, genetically determined in mammals testis releases hormones that then control the development of secondary sex characteristics secondary organs internal duct system e. There are several potential causes of testicular atrophy, including aging, infections, testicular torsion, and hormonal changes. Testicular atrophy refers to the shrinking of your testicles, which are the two male reproductive glands located in the scrotum. Below are the 28 histology slides identification points of 1st year mbbs. Atrophic testis in this image of an atrophic testis, observe the cells present in the tissue.
Testicular tissue is replaced by fibrovascular nodule mean 1. Testicular biopsy is also performed in men with risk factors for testicular malignancy. Preeti chaudhri is at the department of histopathology, pathlinks, lincoln county hospital, lincoln, uk. Uterus atrophy in a female b6c3f1n mouse from a subchronic study right image. Objective to compare the testicular histopathology of patients with obstructive azoospermia due to different etiologies at different levels of obstruction with the testicular histology of normozoospermic men materials and methods this retrospective study involves reevaluation of testicular biopsy slides and data files of 7 patients with obstructive azoospermia and a comparison with. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Progressive arteriosclerotic narrowing of the blood supply in old age. Lee and colleagues reported an incidence of testicular atrophy in young control spraguedawley rats of 2. Some of these lesions found in cryptorchid testes seem to be the result of a malformation rather than of testicular malposition alone. However, animals that are younger than 10 weeks may show increased numbers of. Normal adult testis seen microscopically here at high power demonstrates tubules containing prominent primary and secondary spermatogonia maturing to spermatozoa. Histological and histopathological evaluation of the testis. However, right testis revealed adenocarcinoma deposits, with predominantly a ductal pattern with focal adenomatoid change figure 2.
Recent studies have indicated that additional factors may also be required for full differentiation. Effects of estrogens on the testis of transsexuals. The seminiferous tubules start and end at the rete testis. Jul, 2010 the biopsies were examined for histological uniformity within the same testis and between right and left testes. Histopathology testisorchitis and epididymitis youtube. Describe the histology of and identify, in order, the passageways through which sperm pass as they exit from the body. Testicular atrophy is the most commonly seen lesion in testicular toxicity. Jan 05, 2020 webpathology is a free educational resource with 10152 high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. Knowledge of the specific nature of testicular pathology. We advocate performing open biopsy in all cases with some suspicion of cis e. Fna more sensitive, equally specific as testis biopsy for sperm detection information as to architectural malorganisation, matrix components and interstitial compartment is lost 21. The scrotums main function is to regulate the temperature around. The male gonad is the testis pl, testes the initial difference in male and female gonad development are dependent on testis determining factor tdf the protein product of the y chromosome sry gene. Testicular regression syndrome archives of pathology.
Webpathology is a free educational resource with 10255 high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. The tubules are atrophic, the germinal epithelium is generally largely absent and the leydigcells are. Pdf testicular atrophy and its related changes in culled. When injury requires one testis to be removed, the sperm concentration declines slightly and serum lh and fsh levels rise. Eightytwo patients with germ cell aplasia histology on testis biopsy from 1984 to 1994. Occasionally afflicted by adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis. If the testis is biopsied, it is usually for fertility.
The atrophic tubules have a thickened, convoluted basement membrane with a hyalinized. On the other hand, there was seen almost normal histology in 19% of the testes. Teratoma differentiated with predominant cartilaginous differentiation karthik kalyanasundaram christopher beacock mark i otter abstract teratoma differentiated is the least common subtype of testicular tera. This low power photograph of the testis shows its basic organisation. Figure 2 testis, germinal epithelium atrophy in a male f344n rat from a subchronic study. Testicular microlithiasis is an incidental finding at sonography. Morphologic manifestations of testicular and epididymal. The uterus of the treated animal right is atrophic compared with that of a control animal left. The clinical characteristics of 82 patients with sertoli. Histology of the testis, epididymis and spermatogenesis.
Histopathological patterns of testicular biopsy in male. Find specific details on this topic and related topics from the msd vet manual. The germinal epithelium suddenly ends with begin of the rete testis, forming a kind of valve to prevent the backflow of spermatozoa. Regressive changes atrophy testicular atrophy may be caused by one of several conditions, including 1 progressive atherosclerotic narrowing of the blood supply in old age, 2 the end stage of an inflammatory orchitis, 3 cryptorchidism, 4 hypopituitarism, 5 generalized malnutrition or cachexia, 6 irradiation, 23. Histology of testicular degeneration and atrophy in swine 1989 osvath, zs. Pdf testicular atrophy is a major cause of culling in boars. Histopathology of male reproductive system induced by the fungicide benomyl. Epidemiology, risk factors, and histopathology in testicular. Histology of the male reproductive system learning objectives. Neoplasia of the testis orchidectomy histopathology reporting guide not provided maximum tumour dimension select all that apply note 5 serum tumour markers select all that apply note 2 not provided provided operative procedure note 3 not specified orchidectomy, partial right left not specified orchidectomy, radical. This entity, when associated with a blindending spermatic cord is referred to as the vanishing testis syndrome in the urologic literature or testicular regression syndrome trs in the pathologic literature,4 since the presence of spermatic cord structures is evidence of the. Pdf testicular atrophy and its related changes in culled boars. Pseudohyperplasia of the rete testismust also be considered in atrophic testes.
Histological description of the testis, epididymis and ductus deferens of the northern great grey kangaroo macropus giganteus giganteus article pdf available january 2014 with 1,828 reads. The active component of the each testis consists of several hundred seminiferous tubules measuring up to 70 cm in length. Figure 1 testis, germinal epithelium atrophy in a male f344n rat. Atrophy of the seminiferous tubules was observed in all cases. Testicular trauma or a history of torsion should be noted, since both may result in atrophic testes. Obstructive azoospermia patients were subdivided according to the etiology of obstruction into two groups, congenital and acquired, and according. Because all stages of spermatogenesis do occur simulta. Bilateral atrophy may occur with a variety of conditions including chronic alcoholism, hypopituitarism, atherosclerosis, chemotherapy or.
It is within these tubules that the process of spermatogenesis occurs, and in the normal testis, all stages of differentiation are present simultaneously. Histopathologic examination of the testis is the most sensitive means to detect effects on spermatogenesis. Complications bleeding infection biopsies from small atrophic testes increased risk of hypogonadism 22. Diseases, such as spermatic granuloma of the epididymal head, and cysts of the ducts are to be found under disease of the epididymis non inflammatory below. A 4year old child, diagnosed with undescended left testicle revealed during orchiopexy polyorchidism with distinct epididymis and vas deferens. Jan 16, 2007 histopathology showed atrophic changes in both testes. Pathology of the testis in acquired immunodeficiency.
It is more common in europe and the united states with an increase in. Testicular atrophy and its related changes in culled boars. Pdf histopathology of male reproductive system induced. Read pathology of the testis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, histopathology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at. Neoplasia of the testis orchidectomy histopathology. Testicular atrophy has been recently reported following the administration of several drugs and industrial chemicals, and the histopathological. Laboratory animals develop testicular atrophy spontaneously and it may be seen sporadically in otherwise normal control animals. At times, these hormonal imbalances can be insidious, but more often than not they are caused due to a side effect of certain medications that the individual might be taking for some medical conditions. The least severe change in the germinal epithelium is the maturation arrest.
Atrophic gastritis is a chronic condition that causes inflammation of the stomach lining over a long time. A hydrocele testis is an accumulation of clear fluid in the tunica vaginalis, the most internal of membranes containing a testicle. This is characterized histologically by partial or complete loss of mature spermatids from the lumen of seminiferous tubules. Histological evaluation of the human testisapproaches to. Testicular atrophy is a significant complication after untreated or delayed testicular torsion. Testes from five maletofemale transsexuals removed during sexreversal surgery after administration of estrogens were studied histologically and with immunoperoxidase procedures to locate estrogen receptors er and related antigens. Describe the process of spermatogenesis and the cytology of the cells involved in that process. Tutorial contains images and text for pathology education. Atrophy is the regressive change affecting the testis.
Normal background variation of structure testes rat spermatogenesis is extremely regular and highly efficient such that in the normal adult rat 10 weeks old there are very few degenerating or depleted germ cells. Very rarely give rise to an adenocarcinoma of the rete testis. Rete testis, cryptorchidism, hyperplasia, adenoma, testicular tumour introduction the term adenomatous hyperplasia of the rete testis. Given the potential unreliability of us in diagnosis of an impalpable, undescended testis, laparoscopy would seem the safest option in this setting. Teratoma differentiated with predominant cartilaginous. Possibly due to testicular infarct histopathology 1991. Testicular atrophy may be brought on by surgical repairs to certain types of hernias. The testes are a pair of organs located in the scrotum of the male. When not recognized and treated in the newborn, these testes atrophy, most often leaving a small remnant of tissue often found high in the scrotum. The cutup of orchiectomy specimens is dealt with in orchiectomy grossing. Orchitis, inflammation and swelling of the testes as a result of infection or physical injury. History, physical examination, semen analysis, and endocrine. There is no doubt that undescended testes not operated on early in life are seriously damaged. Learn about the veterinary topic of orchitis and epididymitis in small animals.
The tubules are atrophic, the germinal epithelium is generally largely absent and the leydigcells are vacuolated, and loaded with lipids. Jan 08, 2015 in a study of 167 human samples retrieved following orchiectomy performed for both germ cell and nongerm cell tumors, as well as nontumor conditions such as inflammation, undescended testis, and cysts, there was a 42% incidence of cribriform hyperplasia in the epididymis. Increases risk of relapse in a univariate analysis. Male anatomy 10 medical university of south carolina. Testicular atrophy is the medical term given to shrunken testicles. The testicular appendix is a remnant of the mullerian duct and is located between the upper pole of the testis and the epididymal head fig 5.
Seminiferous tubules are lined only by sertoli cells. Testicular atrophy refers to when the testes shrink. This paper presents a survey of the morphological findings in cryptorchid testes, especially of children. Connected to the back of each testis is the epididymis, which serves as a storage duct for.
Peter greaves mbchb frcpath, in histopathology of preclinical toxicity studies fourth edition, 2012. The nonpalpable absent testicle is a problem that confounds urologists and pediatric surgeons alike. Datasets for the reporting of neoplasia of the testis. Though germ cell tumor of the testis gct is rare in general, it is the most common cancer of man aged 2045 years. Histology of testicular degeneration and atrophy in swine. Comparison of testicular histopathology in patients with obs. The tubules are atrophic, the germinal epithelium is generally largely absent and the leydigcells are vacuolated, and loaded with. Statistical analysis for each animal, the grade of tubular hypoplasia atrophy in the testes was compared with the grade of corresponding epididymal sperm content, age at necropsy in months, bodyweight in grams, and testis, epididymidis, prostate, and seminal. Mixed atrophy of the testis mat is a frequent finding in biopsies of formerly cryptorchid andor infertile patients mixed atrophy of the testis mat is defined as the synchronous occurrence of both seminiferous tubules containing germ cells and sertoli cell onlytubules in variable proportions in tubules containing germ cells, different types of abnormalities in spermatogenesis may be seen. Cryptorchid testes of adults are much smaller than normal. Polyorchism in association with an undescended testis and. Testicular atrophytreatmentcausessymptomsprevention. In a subgroup of infertile men, there is an increased risk for carcinoma in situ of the testis, especially in men with a history of cryptorchidism and testicular malignancy and in men with testicular atrophy.
More common with sometimes subtle intertubular pattern of seminoma. Media in category histopathology of the testicles the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. This video presents atrophy in histopathological image of testis. Testicular atrophy and degenerative changes of the. Perhaps of more concern remains the case of a boy with a palpable nubbin, which at open exploration appears to be an atrophic testis, confirmed on subsequent histopathology. In other words, it suggested the possibility that the pathological change in these testes is not diffuse but regional or localized. Testicular atrophy caused due to hormonal imbalance. Describe the blood testis barrier and the cell that forms. Comparison of testicular histopathology in patients with. The basement membrane also appears thicker than normal. Soumadri sen is at the department of histopathology, pathlinks, lincoln county hospital, lincoln, uk.
In conclusion, testicular atrophy from perinatal torsion is a scrotal event that occurs before attachment of the tunica vaginalis to the scrotal wall. Orchitis and epididymitis in small animals veterinary manual. Can you identify the thick collagenous capsule on the outside called the tunica albuginea. The sections show seminiferous tubules surrounded by thick hyaline sleeves. Read testicular atrophy after oestrogen therapy, histopathology on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Histology of the initial sections showed mainly atrophic tes. Histopathology of chemically induced testicular atrophy in rats. Testicular atrophy after oestrogen therapy, histopathology. Testicular atrophy is a medical condition in which the male reproductive organs the testes, which in humans are located in the scrotum diminish in size and may be accompanied by loss of function. The testicular biopsy was labeled mixed if more than one pattern was seen in the same biopsy from the same side and discordant if the right and left testicular biopsies showed different patterns.
Hormonal imbalance by far is the most common cause of testicular atrophy. Hormonal findings from a control group of 34 fertile men with normal semen analyses were used for comparison. A practical approach to testicular biopsy interpretation for male. The testis, plural testes, are important for survival of the species. The changes listed above can all be seen as incidental background. Nov 25, 2015 uterus atrophy in a female b6c3f1n mouse from a subchronic study right image. Allattenyesztesi es takarmanyozasi kutatokozpont, godollo hungary. Can you also identify the seminiferous tubules, which open into a network of anastomosing channels called the rete rete net testis at the mediastinum testes. Testicular atrophy an overview sciencedirect topics.
1070 1529 34 825 814 241 710 1310 193 1410 1018 197 596 944 349 1409 542 1092 325 1477 250 969 722 324 1218 1474 216 134 1000 1388 864 996 18 143 1000 1480 1170 1072 687 520 1049 523 341 509 1134 362 203 1003 1150 1411